ONLINE ARTICLES BY RAY RAPHAEL

"The Righteous Revolution of Mercy Otis Warren," History Now (September 2009):
http://www.historynow.org/09_2009/historian3.html

“Instructions: The People’s Voice in Revolutionary America.” Common-Place 9:1 (October 2008):
http://www.common-place.org/vol-09/no-01/raphael/

“Revolutionary Philadelphia.” History Now 11 (March 2007):
http://www.historynow.org/03_2007/historian.html

“Review of David McCullough’s 1776.” History New Network, first published in the Baltimore Sun:
http://www.historynewsnetwork.org/roundup/comments/12129.html

“Re-examining the Revolution.” Rethinking Schools 16:2 (Winter 2004/2005):
http://www.rethinkingschools.org/archive/19_02/revo192.shtml

“Are U.S. History Textbooks Still Full of Lies and Half-Truths?” History New Network September 20, 2004:
http://hnn.us/articles/7219.html

Recent and Forthcoming Articles (PDF)

"America's Worst Winter Ever." American History (April 2010) PDF

"George Washington's Five Rules for Waging War with Honor." America History (February 2010) PDF

"THE Financier: America's Original Bailout Czar." Financial History (Fall 2009) PDF

For the summer 2006 issue of Phi Kappa Phi’s Forum magazine, Ray Raphael guest edited a special issue titled “Founders,” with original contributions from several of the nation’s preeminent Revolutionary scholars (Alfred F.Young , Carol Berkin, Gary Nash, Gordon Wood, Jack Rakove, Richard Beeman, Woody Holton, and Pauline Maier), he presents a broad view of our nation’s founders, both insiders and outsiders. In the first article, Young establishes the importance of including ordinary people within our nation’s founding narrative. Berkin then makes a case for treating women as founders, and Nash nominates African Americans and Native Americans for inclusion as well. Then starts a gradual progression up the social and political ladder. Raphael shows how ordinary farmers and artisans from rural Massachusetts overthrew British authority and moved toward independence well before Lexington and Concord or the Congressional Declaration of Independence. Wood next discusses the critical role of the “middling sorts” in the cities, an incipient middle class formed of artisans, mechanics, and shopkeepers. Moving inside chambers, Jack Rakove outlines the history of our nation’s first governing body, the Continental Congress, and Richard Beeman discusses the group traditionally labeled as “founders” — delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Finally, Holton and Maier extend the notion of “founders” to include some of those who actually opposed the 1787 Constitution, the so-called “Anti-Federalists.” All these groups played significant roles in founding the United States of America and establishing national ideals such as freedom and equality. If we take the words “we, the people” seriously, we must include each of their stories in the master narrative of our national origins. To obtain a copy of this issue, write: Pat Kaetz, Editor, at kaetzjp@auburn.edu or contact Phi Kappa Phi Forum’s website:
http://www.phikappaphi.org/Web/Publications/Forum/about_forum.html
To access the issue digitally, go to BNET:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4026/is_200607?tag=content;col1